Monte Carlo simulations use random sampling to model uncertainty and variability in decision-making. The name originates from the city in Monaco, known for its casinos, symbolizing randomness in probability-based simulations. While randomness may seem counterintuitive for business decisions, it provides a structured way to assess possible outcomes and mitigate risks. By running thousands or even millions of simulations, businesses can make informed choices based on probability distributions rather than single-point estimates.